Input devices :-
> Inputs devices are
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Scanner
- Microphone
- Joystick
- Web Cam
- Optical Mark Reader
- Optical Character Reader
- Optical Bar code Reader
- Touch Pen
- Graphic digitizer
- light pen
- Touch pad\screen
- Track bal
Tuesday, 13 December 2011
Parts Of Computer
As we discuss in the definition of a computer, a computer consist on two deceives which are input devices and output devices computer used input devices to take data and output devices to show the result of our data.
Input devices :-
> Inputs devices are
Input devices :-
> Inputs devices are
Types of computer
Since the invention of computers from 1st generation and 4th generation computers, they have been classified according to their types and how they operate that is input, process and output information. Following you will get a brief discussion on various types of computers. Computer types can be divided into three categories according to electronic nature. Types of computers are classified according to how a particular Computer functions. These computer types are
> Analogue Computers
> Digital Computers
> Hybrid Computers
Analogue Computers:-
Analogue computer uses which is known as analogue signals that are represented by a continuous set of varying voltages and are used in scientific research centers. hospitals and flight centers with analogue types of computer no values are represented by physical measurable quantities voltages. Analogue computer types program arithmetic and logical operations by measuring physical changes that is temperatures or pressure.
Digital Computers:-
These types of computers operation are on electrical input that have two inputs, states of ON and state of OFF. With digital type of computers data is represented by digital of 0 and 1 or off state and on state. Digital computer type recognizes data by counting discrete signal of (0 , 1), they are high speed programmable. they calculate values and stores results. they are commonly used in now days.
Hybrid Computers
Hybrid computer are very unique, in the sense that they combined both analogue and digital features and operations. With Hybrid computers operate by using digital to analogue convertor and analogue to digital convertor. By linking the two types of computer above you come up with this new computer type called Hybrid.
Genaration of computer
Their are five generation of computer we discuss one by one.........
First Generation of a computer (1940-1956)
First Generation of a computer (1940-1956)Technology which was used to make a computer is called vacuum tubes.
very big in size and take a large place to keep, they were very expensive to operate and take a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers are based on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computer.
Second Generation of a computer (1956-1963)
Technology which was used to make a computer is called transistor. Transistor replaced vacuum tubes and Became the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was good to the vacuum tube,computers become smaller with the use of transistor, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation tubes. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. Second generation computers used binary machine language assembly languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High level programmable languages were also being developed at this time, like COBOL and FORTAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their brain. In second generation of computer Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
Third Generation of a computer (1964-1971) Technology which was used to make a computer is call Integrated circuit.Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips,called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitor with an operating system. which allowed the device to run many different programs at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
Fourth Generation of a computer (1971-present )
Technology which was used to make
a computer is call mini processor. thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer from the central processing units and memory to input/output controls on a single chip. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 APPLE introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs the mouseand handheld devices.
Fifth Generation of a computer (still to come artificial intelligence)
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in develop, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. in this generation we think that we give the computer a brain and he the computer has a ability to think and take his own decision
very big in size and take a large place to keep, they were very expensive to operate and take a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
First generation computers are based on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computer.
Second Generation of a computer (1956-1963)
Technology which was used to make a computer is called transistor. Transistor replaced vacuum tubes and Became the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was good to the vacuum tube,computers become smaller with the use of transistor, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation tubes. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output. Second generation computers used binary machine language assembly languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High level programmable languages were also being developed at this time, like COBOL and FORTAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their brain. In second generation of computer Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
Third Generation of a computer (1964-1971) Fourth Generation of a computer (1971-present )
Technology which was used to make
a computer is call mini processor. thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer from the central processing units and memory to input/output controls on a single chip. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 APPLE introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs the mouseand handheld devices.
Fifth Generation of a computer (still to come artificial intelligence)Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in develop, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. in this generation we think that we give the computer a brain and he the computer has a ability to think and take his own decision
Defination of a Computer
Different author explain computer in their words but in my view computer is an electronic device that accepts, processes, stores, and outputs data at high speeds according to programmed instructions, take information from input devices store it and after working gives us output through output devices is called computer
Name Origin
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